Что такое бхб в гинекологии: Биохимическая беременность ✔ что это такое, признаки, симптомы

Что такое бхб в гинекологии. Что такое биохимическая беременность? Симптомы биохимической беременности

Одним из недостаточно изученных этапов беременности является процесс оплодотворения созревшей яйцеклетки, начиная от ее встречи с самым активным сперматозоидом и заканчивая закреплением эмбриона в полости матки. Если по каким-либо причинам этого не происходит, то беременность прерывается, а такое состояние в медицинской практике называется биохимической беременностью. Этот процесс определяется только путем проведения биохимического анализа.

По данным медицинской статистики, не менее 65% всех беременностей независимо от тех или иных причин заканчиваются на ранних сроках, когда женщина еще не знает о своем интересном положении, а кровотечение в результате самопроизвольного аборта воспринимается как очередная менструация.

В гинекологии давно существует такой термин, как биохимическая беременность, суть которой заключается в том, что оплодотворенная яйцеклетка не успевает прикрепиться к стенкам матки и беременность прерывается вместе с наступлением месячных. В отличие от обычных критических дней этот процесс проявляется сильной болью и более обильным кровотечением, но особых волнений со стороны женщины не вызывает. Ну, а те, кто мечтает целенаправленно зачать малыша, еженедельно ожидает проявления первых признаков токсикоза и усталости, могут так и не дождаться своей беременности.

Коварность биохимической беременности в том, что начинается она с задержки месячных, однако при этом на УЗИ и в результатах теста на беременность это не отображается. В нетерпении выяснить причину задержки женщина сдает анализ на ХГЧ (гормон хорионического гонадотропина человека), который подтверждает ее положение, только вот через пару дней наступает плановая менструация. Это и называется биохимической беременностью, природу которой объяснить очень сложно.

Биохимическая беременность всегда заканчивается самопроизвольным абортом и молодой паре, желающей зачать и родить здорового ребенка, следует выяснить, почему это происходит, каковы причины того, что эмбрион не может закрепиться в матке. Новую беременность можно планировать с нового цикла, однако, чтобы больше не повторялась неприятная ситуация, нужно обратиться к врачу, проконсультироваться, обследоваться и, если необходимо, начать лечение.

Причины биохимической беременности

Точно определить фактор, который спровоцировал биохимическую беременность установить невозможно и только после длительного обследования, анализа состояния здоровья мужчины и женщины врач сможет назвать вероятную причину сбоя. Это может быть:

• сбой в гормональной системе женщины;
• изменения в структуре хромосом;
• иммунные и аутоиммунные отклонения;
• тромбофилия и другие заболевания крови.

Под понятием «лечение» в данном случае понимается исключение причин, провоцирующих появление биохимической беременности, ведь есть женщины, которые неоднократно переносили это состояние и здесь речь уже идет о невынашивании ребенка.
Факт наступления самопроизвольного аборта не является следствием проблем с женской фертильностью, после биохимической беременности также не требуется проведения выскабливания матки или лечения медикаментами. На такой ранней стадии своего развития эмбрион во время менструации удаляется вместе с менструальным кровотечением.

Симптомы биохимической беременности

Как и нормальная беременность, биохимическая дает о себе знать незначительной задержкой менструации. Проявлений типа боли в молочных железах, тошноты, сонливости и усталости при этом нет. Женщины, для которых беременность не была запланирована, могут даже не заметить каких-либо особых ощущений и вполне себе спокойно принять небольшие отклонения от графика. Те, кто ожидают наступление беременности, тщательнее прислушиваются к голосу организма и могут определить свое биохимическое состояние. К его призрачным признакам относятся:

• несколько дней задержки менструации;
• обильное кровотечение, не так, как обычно;
• болезненная менструация.

ХГЧ и биохимическая беременность

Нередки случаи, когда состоявшееся оплодотворение и вовсе не провоцирует появления разной симптоматики, тогда точный диагноз на ранних сроках поможет поставить определенный медицинский анализ, а именно ХГЧ при биохимической беременности.

Как известно, уровень гормона хорионического гонадотропина человека в крови повышается с наступлением беременности еще до задержки месячных. На этом сроке даже УЗИ не может разглядеть интересное положение, в то время как ХГЧ способен показать результат.

О факте наступления биохимической беременности может говорить анализ с отметкой 5 мЕд/мл. Если при этом ультразвуковое обследование и гинекологический осмотр не подтверждают факта развития эмбриона, а повторный анализ крови показывает резкое снижение концентрации гормона, то можно предполагать, что произошла так называемая биохимическая беременность. Если при высоких показателях хориона на УЗИ врач обнаруживает в матке остатки плодного яйца, а женщина начинает чувствовать ощутимые изменения в самочувствии, значит, наступила обычная беременность.

Планирование нового зачатия

Многие женщины часто спрашивают, когда можно планировать новую беременность после биохимической беременности. По мнению медиков, зачатие можно осуществлять уже в новом цикле, и высока вероятность того, что с новой попытки женщина удачно забеременеет, а также родит здорового ребенка.

На самом деле биохимическая беременность – это не приговор, как кажется многим женщинам. Если ваша первая попытка завершилась неудачно, то не факт, что вторая повторится так же. Полное обследование и лечение понадобится в том случае, если неудачи

Что такое биохимическая беременность?

Биохимическая беременность: что это такое

Понятие биохимической беременности вошло в обиход медиков с появлением ЭКО. Означает оно – несостоявшуюся беременность, а по сути – неудачную, неполную имплантацию плодного яйца в матке. Чтобы понять природу этого явления, причину биохимической беременности при ЭКО, нужно вспомнить, из чего состоит ЭКО и на каком этапе именно этапе диагностируют «биохимическую беременность».

Как проводится ЭКО

Как и любая другая процедура, экстракорпоральное оплодотворение (ЭКО) начинается с этапа обследования. Обследование перед ЭКО в России регламентировано Приказом Минздрава №107Н. Он предписывает пройти обследование обоим родителям; обследование будущей мамы, безусловно, более подробное, ибо ей предстоит вынашивать малыша. Выясняется её гормональный статус, сдаются анализы на инфекции, общеклинические анализы, своё заключение выдают терапевт и маммолог, проводится флюорография, ЭКГ, при необходимости — другие функциональные пробы. При наличии каких-то заболеваний женщину, готовящуюся к ЭКО, консультируют «узкие» специалисты. Такое подробное изучение состояния здоровья женщины необходимо для подробной оценки возможности получения здорового потомства и вынашивания беременности.

Первый этап ЭКО – стимуляция яичников. На этом этапе пациентка получает гормональные препараты, обеспечивающие рост возможно большего числа фолликулов. Затем – пункция, из фолликулов получают яйцеклетки. В этот же день (в день пункции) яйцеклетки оплодотворяют, и, со следующего дня полученные эмбрионы культивируют, следя за их развитием. Наконец, на 3-5й день развития, эмбрион (или эмбрионы) переносят в матку. И начинается томительный период ожидания результата.

На этом этапе будущая мама получает так называемую поддержку: это, в основном, препараты прогестерона, Фолиевая кислота и препараты, улучшающие кровообращение. Сдавать анализ на ХГЧ рекомендуется не ранее 12го дня; при переносе бластоцисты (эмбриона 5го дня) – не ранее 9-10го дня. После получения положительного анализа есть смысл сдать его еще раз через 3 дня, чтобы убедиться в корректном росте цифр ХГЧ.

 

 

Диагностика биохимической беременности

Если полученные на 12-й день цифры растут медленно и потом падают, или начали падать сразу – речь идет о биохимической беременности.

Исходные цифры ХГЧ могут быть достаточно высокими; именно поэтому (для того, чтобы не ошибиться в трактовке) анализ и повторяют. Это помогает убедиться в том, что имплантация прошла удачно и беременность прогрессирует.

Обязательно, при любой из описанных ситуаций, нужно проконсультироваться с врачом: только он сможет отличить биохимическую беременность от, скажем, внематочной (она может протекать очень похоже). Контакт с врачом после переноса эмбриона имеет первостепенное значение: это поможет не совершить ошибок в ответственный период!

Причины биохимической беременности

Итак, мы выяснили, что биохимическая беременность – это неудачная имплантация. Почему же случается биохимическая беременность при ЭКО?

Механизм имплантации сложен и не до конца изучен. Известно, что происходит она только в определенные дни (обычно 5-7й день после овуляции), которые принято называть «окном имплантации». Именно в эти дни эндометрий наиболее приспособлен к «принятию» эмбриона. В другие дни прикрепления эмбриона не произойдёт. «Вычисление» окна имплантации – задача лечащего врача; современные репродуктологи научились её успешно решать. Однако имплантации может помешать и плохое состояние эндометрия: именно поэтому на этапе обследования состояние эндометрия подробно изучают. Проблемы могут возникнуть из-за неправильно подобранной поддержки, нарушений свертываемости крови, от наличия некоторых «общих» заболеваний. Наконец, уровень ХГЧ в крови может быть чуть повышен при назначении препарата ХГЧ в качестве поддержки имплантации (есть такая методика), и это повышение может не говорить о беременности…

Главная же причина проблем с имплантацией – генетические проблемы эмбриона. Дело в том, что именно генетика эмбриона (мутация), по статистике, является причиной отсутствия/нарушения имплантации в 80-90% случаев. Генетические «ошибки» в эмбрионе могут возникнуть по как «вине» яйцеклетки (например, у женщин, возрастом старше 38 лет), так и по «вине» сперматозоида; они могут появиться на этапе деления оплодотворенной яйцеклетки. Такие «неполноценные» эмбрионы часто (до 70-80%) образуются и при естественном зачатии, просто супруги об этом не подозревают. А при ЭКО – имплантация не наступает, либо «срывается», проявляя себя как биохимическая беременность.

Что делать дальше (подготовка к следующему протоколу)

Итак, что же значит биохимическая беременность после ЭКО? Какие выводы следует сделать? В первую очередь — не паниковать, ибо однократная неудача – вовсе не повод для паники! Намного правильнее совместно со своим врачом попытаться выяснить причины. Вполне возможно, что придется пройти углубленное обследование (генетическое, гемостазиологическое). Стоит обсудить с лечащим врачом-репродуктологом необходимость преимплантационного генетического тестирования эмбрионов (исследования генетики до переноса в матку) – это повышает шанс на беременность со средних 35-50% до существенных 75%! Необходимость ПГТ может стать явной, если неудачные имплантации повторяются. В таком случае, лучше набраться терпения и дождаться результатов генетического тестирования, чем очередной раз пережить неудачу. Если же причин биохимической беременности «не видно» — довериться доктору и смело идти в следующий протокол!

 

90000 Keto Diet Magic Ingredient 90001 90002 What if all the supposed benefits of the ketogenic diet could be distilled into a single pill? 90003 90002 Researchers are working hard to find out just that. 90003 90002 A lot has been said about the ketogenic diet in recent months — and for much more than just weight loss. 90003 90002 But, for the sheer volume of headlines, there seems to be one glaring omission from many of them: beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the potential miracle molecule at the center of it all.90003 90002 In two high-profile studies this month, the ketogenic diet was linked to several properties beyond just losing a few pounds. 90003 90002 Mice fed a ketogenic diet experienced increased lifespan as well as better cognitive and motor functioning. That has led to speculation that the ketogenic diet might even be an avenue for Alzheimer’s research and brain health in general. 90003 90002 The results «clearly demonstrate that lifespan is increased in mice consuming a ketogenic diet» compared with a control group, researchers wrote.90003 90002 They believe this increase is due to a high concentration of BHB in the bloodstream brought on by the ketogenic diet. 90003 90002 «BHB has direct activities relevant to aging,» the researchers wrote. 90003 90002 Dr. Eric Verdin, who serves as the president and CEO of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, helped author that research. 90003 90002 «BHB has the potential to induce a protective state in the cells and make them more resistant to oxidative stress, and that’s on the heel of this, that we said: Let’s try to increase BHB levels so that we can see if it has a lifespan effect, «he told Healthline.90003 90024 What is BHB? 90025 90026 90002 BHB is one of three ketones the body produces during states of fasting or through low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets. 90003 90002 In both contexts, the body naturally changes its primary source of energy from glucose (provided by carbohydrates) to stored fat. 90003 90002 Fat is broken down and BHB is formed. It provides an alternate energy source for every part of the body, including the brain. 90003 90002 Of the three ketone bodies produced during ketosis (BHB, acetone, and acetoacetate), BHB is present in significantly higher quantities in the blood.90003 90002 In his research, Verdin discovered that BHB is more than just an energy source for the body. 90003 90002 «The classic view of BHB was that it was an alternate nutrient that happens during fasting … It is also a signaling molecule. It triggers all kinds of things in cells that are protective, «he said. 90003 90002 «That brought a whole new dimension to the whole problem and forced people to start thinking that maybe there is something more to BHB being just a nutrient.» 90003 90002 But Verdin only came to that conclusion in 2013.That’s why there’s an abundant amount of literature on the supposed benefits of the ketogenic diet, but significantly less on the role BHB plays in them. 90003 90002 In fact, Verdin was merely hypothesizing that BHB would have a role in increasing lifespan in 2013. 90003 90002 This year, his research using the ketogenic diet in mice finally supported that idea. 90003 90024 Difficult diet to maintain 90026 90002 However, the claimed benefits of the ketogenic diet in humans — not mice — are still problematic.While anecdotal evidence supports many claims about it, there’s still much research to be done. 90003 90002 The impracticality of the diet also makes it difficult for longer studies. 90003 90002 Nutritionists tend to dislike the diet. They frequently speak out against it, mainly because it’s just too difficult to pull off for many people. 90003 90002 Difficult diets can lead to yo-yo dieting, the repeated stopping and starting of a diet. This cycle of rapid weight loss and weight gain can harm the body.90003 90002 There are also psychological elements built in to dieting, and subsequent feelings of failure if it can not be accomplished. 90003 90002 That’s what makes the prospect of a BHB pill or supplement so intriguing. 90003 90002 «Imagining that everyone is going to go on a ketogenic diet is very unlikely. I’ve done it myself, and it is hard as a diet to sustain for a long period of time, «said Verdin. «The interest for us in BHB is [if] can we recapitulate all the beneficial effects that we are seeing from the ketogenic diet simply by administering BHB as a food or as a drug, whatever you want to call it.»90003 90002 Another expert contacted by Healthline says the benefits of the ketogenic diet could be more complex than just increasing BHB levels. 90003 90002 «Decreased glucose is also a hallmark of the ketogenic diet … The key may be increased BHB, it may be decreased glucose, it may be both effects — or it may be a critical ratio between the two changes,» said Susan A. Masino, PhD, a professor of applied science at Trinity College in Connecticut. 90003 90024 What’s next 90026 90002 Verdin cautions that all of this is still well within the world of speculation and far from being proven in humans.90003 90002 Following their studies in mice, Verdin and his team must now be able to show that they can duplicate the same beneficial effects on cognition, memory, and lifespan using a supplement rather than diet. 90003 90002 «There is no evidence to date that the ketogenic diet will increase your lifespan or healthspan in humans. We need to do the experiments, «said Verdin. 90003 90002 Verdin’s team needs to figure out exactly what the threshold — the quantity of BHB in the bloodstream — is before those effects happen.90003 90002 If you’ve spent any time in a health store, you may have already noticed keto and BHB supplements on shelves. Researchers are not the only ones aware of the public’s interest in ketosis. 90003 90002 Those supplements, usually sold as «keto salts» or something similar, are supposed to help speed you into ketosis and all its myriad health benefits. 90003 90002 The problem, as it so often is with supplements, is that there’s little — or perhaps nothing — to substantiate their claims.90003 90002 «Many of these products, you would have to eat so much of them to get your ketone body levels in an area that is significant,» said Verdin. «They probably do not give you the ketone levels necessary to give you a biological effect.» 90003 90002 And, since the supplements are most often sold as a salt, consuming too much could lead to the detrimental effects of consuming too much salt, like high blood pressure. 90003 90002 So, while the keto supplements on shelves today probably are not worth their salt, a real, clinically studied BHB supplement in the future could be.90003 90002 Masino points out its potential, particularly for Alzheimer’s, which is currently the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and affecting roughly 5 million people. 90003 90002 A small 2004 study found that individuals with Alzheimer’s or mild cognitive impairments that were fed certain saturated fats to promote ketone production had greater memory improvement than a control group. 90003 90002 Since then, more studies have also looked at the ketogenic diet as a remedy for Alzheimer’s.90003 90002 Epilepsy, lifespan, cognitive ability, and Alzheimer’s are all part of a growing list of conditions that BHB appears to affect beneficially. 90003 90002 But demonstrating its effectiveness in humans, particularly in a supplement form, is still a long way off. 90003 90002 Nonetheless, both Verdin and Masino are optimistic. They do caution the public in getting too excited about the next miracle supplement, though. 90003 90002 «A BHB pill should be added to a healthy diet — not taken as a shortcut,» said Masino.90003 90002 «I’m completely excited about [BHB] and its potential,» said Verdin. «There is a lot of skepticism about whether the metabolism of mice applies to humans, but the effects we are seeing are robust, so I predict that they will apply to humans.» 90003.90000 Keto BHB: Your Comprehensive Guide to Exogenous Ketone Supplements 90001 90002 If you’ve started the ketogenic diet, or are even just interested enough to start your research, you’ll have heard the term «exogenous ketones» or keto BHB before. 90003 90002 That’s because many keto-ers, whether they’re experienced or new to the diet, use exogenous ketones as a supplement to their low-carb diet to: 90003 90002 Here’s what you need to know about BHB, its many benefits, who should use it (and when), and how it works.90003 90008 What Is BHB? 90009 90002 Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced from fat by the liver for energy when glucose is not available. It ultimately becomes the body and brain’s primary source of energy. 90003 90002 Even though it has a strange-sounding name, BHB is a naturally occurring molecule produced by your body during ketosis. 90003 90002 You may hear BHB referred to as «exogenous ketones». These are BHB salts. BHB salts are supplemental ketone bodies that you can take to reach a state of ketosis more quickly.90003 90002 Because it takes some time for your body to adapt to using fat for fuel instead of glucose (carbs), you may feel some adaptation pains, like fatigue, hunger (cravings for sugar, a faster energy source), and mental cloudiness. These are the symptoms that define what keto-ers call the «keto flu.» 90003 90002 Supplementing BHB on a keto diet can have a profound positive impact to new keto-ers 90019 sticking 90020 to the diet. 90003 90002 When you’re looking for your BHB supplement, be sure to choose one with adequate levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, like KetoLogic Keto BHB.90003 90002 Be aware though that because of the levels of these minerals, many BHB products can have a chemical aftertaste. We specifically formulated Keto BHB to taste great without sacrificing on performance 90019 because 90020 we were sick of grinning and bearing the awful taste of other supplements on the market. 90003 90008 What Are The Benefits Of BHB? 90009 90002 BHB easily crosses the blood-brain barrier resulting in easily accessible energy to the brain and muscle tissues, becoming a source of energy after entering the mitochondria, being converted to Acetyl-CoA, and then ATP through the Krebs cycle (the same process that glucose goes through to become ATP).90003 90002 This ultimately results in: 90003 90034 90035 Reduced feelings of hunger [1] 90036 90035 Improved mental performance [2] 90036 90035 Increased physical performance [3] 90036 90035 Longer lasting energy [4] 90036 90035 Reaching ketosis faster [5] 90036 90035 Minimizing or preventing «low-carb flu» or «Keto flu» symptoms [6] 90036 90035 Enhanced immune health [7] 90036 90049 90002 The minerals in BHB salts are like a potent electrolyte, which helps you combat keto-related insomnia, muscle cramps and spasms.90003 90008 How Does BHB Impact Immune System Health? 90009 90002 Let’s take a closer look on BHB’s impact on immune health. Research shows that BHB can help reduce inflammation in the brain and other areas of your body [8]. It does this with its ability to block inflammasomes from forming when you get sick [9] [10] [11]. Having ketones in your body, which is what happens when your body is in a state of ketosis from eating a keto diet, appears to help minimize immune system damage when your body is infected with a virus or bacteria [12].90003 90002 A Yale Study published in January 2020 indicates that being in a state of ketosis from the keto diet can lower inflammation and reduce the risk of diabetes [13]. Researchers found that during ketosis, the body begins to produce ketone bodies as an alternative source of fuel to replace carbohydrates. When the body begins using ketones for energy (i.e., is in fat-burning mode), immune cells called gamma delta T-cells start expanding throughout the body. These tissue-protective cells help improve the body’s metabolism and lower blood sugar levels and inflammation.The study was done on mice and further research is being pursued to learn more about the health benefits of the keto diet [14]. 90003 90008 When Should You Take BHB? 90009 90002 You can really take BHB anytime, but it’s best to avoid taking it with meals since that’s when you’ll already be supplying your body with energy. Why waste a scoop, right? Here’s how BHB can work in your meal plan: 90003 90062 90035 First thing in the morning (in place of breakfast) to help keep your ketones up. 90036 90035 In between meals to kill cravings and energy crashes.90036 90035 Before / during / after workouts to supplement with readily available energy. 90036 90069 90002 Many people find that they feel energetic after taking exogenous ketones like Keto BHB. It’s best to avoid taking it a couple of hours before bed to avoid difficulty in falling asleep. 90003 90008 Is Keto BHB Safe? 90009 90002 Yes. Beta hydroxybutyrate is a dietary supplement ingredient that is self-affirmed Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). 90003 90002 Since BHB is a naturally occurring metabolite formed during fat digestion and metabolism, it’s not only safe — it’s natural! 90003 90002 Much like glucose is the energy molecule derived from carbohydrates / sugars, and amino acids are derived from proteins, ketones are energy molecules derived from fat.BHB is an energy dense molecule that naturally fuels the brain, heart, and muscles during periods of low carbohydrate intake. 90003 90008 BHB Recipes 90009 90002 BHB is most often mixed with water and ice for a refreshing drink, but it can also be enjoyed in other ways. Check out these creative and delicious ways to enjoy BHB: 90003 90084 Tim Tebow’s Keto Mocha 90085 90002 90003 90084 Strawberry Vanilla BHB Popsicles 90085 90002 90003 90084 Blueberry Acai BHB Wine Spritzer 90085 90002 90003 90084 Keto Jello 90085 90002 90003 90084 Apple-Pear BHB Green Tea Slushie 90085 90002 90003 90084 BHB Gummy Bears 90085 90002 90003 90002 Check out our line of BHB products! 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 90002 90003 .90000 What Is Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and How Does It Work? 90001 90002 Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid, also commonly referred to as beta-hydroxybutyrate or just BHB, is technically not a ketone body in terms of structure. However, it has ketone-like actions in humans and is thus classified as one. 90003 90002 BHB is the most efficient ketone body in terms of either being utilized directly by tissues or being oxidized to acetoacetate and then utilized. 90003 90002 The mitochondria of cells can use ketones to generate energy as an alternative when carbohydrate / calorie intake is low.90003 90002 In humans, there are three main types of ketones (referred to as ketone bodies) synthesized by mitochondria in the liver: acetone, acetoacetic acid (AcAc), and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). 90003 90002 On a molecular level, ketones are natural molecules made as byproducts of fatty acid metabolism. These molecules have a rather simple structure, containing a primary carbonyl group (i.e. carbon bonded to oxygen) and two carbon-based groups (chemical structures shown below). 90003 90002 By incorporating BHB into your supplement regimen, your body receives a fast-acting source of ketones to utilize.Thus, even if you consume a carbohydrate-rich diet, exogenous BHB can provide many of the benefits of nutritional ketosis. 90003 90002 There’s also a handful of scientific studies that suggest BHB regulates appetite, enhances cognition, fights inflammation, reduces the risk of cancer, and impedes age-related neurodegeneration. [1,2,3] 90003 90016 Where Does BHB Come From? 90017 90002 BHB comes from two sources, within your body (endogenous) and outside of your body (exogenous). 90003 90002 Endogenous BHB is made in the liver as a byproduct of fatty acid metabolism when fasting or when carbohydrates are restricted.Since the body needs energy, synthesis of BHB is a crucial process for creating fuel from fatty acids. Without it, fasting would be a deadly condition even in the short term. 90003 90002 On the other hand, exogenous BHB is BHB that derives from a source outside of your body (i.e. dietary supplement). For example, consuming a BHB supplement is one way to rapidly increase blood BHB levels in your body without the need for a ketogenic diet. This confers many of the same benefits as ketosis and happens rather quickly.90003 90002 Most exogenous BHB is bound to a salt, like magnesium or calcium, which is easier for your body to absorb. Thus, you’ll most likely see that exogenous ketones supplements have BHB salts listed on the ingredient panel. If they’re not, you should be wary of the product’s efficacy. 90003 90002 Now that you have a clear grasp of where BHB comes from, it’s pertinent to understand what the heck it does and why you should care. Read on as the next section details the roles of BHB and its benefits.90003 90016 What Does Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Do? 90017 90002 Ultimately, BHB is the primary substrate the initiates nutritional ketosis in your body. Once BHB is synthesized, it can be broken down to both acetoacetic acid and acetate. This applies to both endogenous and exogenous BHB. 90003 90002 What’s particularly important about BHB is that it readily diffuses across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a strictly regulated juncture to prevent unwanted substances from crossing into the brain.90003 90002 It was thought for years that glucose was the brain’s primary source of energy. Due to BHB’s water-attracting nature, it crosses into the brain and positively affects cognitive function and mental acuity. In other words, BHB has nootropic properties. 90003 90002 In terms of producing energy for your body, BHB enters mitochondria of cells and breaks down to acetoacetic acid and eventually acetone. 90003 90002 During each stage of these molecular changes, a compound called acetyl-CoA is produced so your body can synthesize ATP: the energy currency of cells.90003 90002 Normally glucose would serve as the main substrate for producing ATP, but when carbohydrates are low in the diet, your body resorts to BHB to take care of energy production. 90003 90002 So you can see why BHB is so critical for maintaining energy levels and cognitive function. Naturally, you might be wondering whether or not BHB is safe? In most cases, yes; read on to learn more about the safety of BHB. 90003 90016 Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Safety 90017 90002 Frankly speaking, beta-hydroxybutyrate is about as safe as water.It is a natural compound that your body thrives on during times of energy deprivation. Just like water, though, extremely high levels of BHB in the body can create a metabolic state known as diabetic ketoacidosis. However, if you have a healthy pancreas and are not diabetic, it is extremely unlikely you will ever reach diabetic ketoacidosis. 90003 90002 In the event you were to consume exorbitant amounts of exogenous BHB, your body would work rapidly to excrete the excess and keep blood ketones in a healthy range.90003 90016 Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Side Effects 90017 90002 If you are just starting out on a ketogenic diet, you will experience some side effects as your body shifts from carbohydrate metabolism and becomes ‘fat adapted.’ 90003 90002 The side effects during this period may include things like lethargy, mood swings, irritability, and brain fog, which is noted as the keto flu. To bypass these ramifications, it is best to supplement with exogenous BHB while you transition to a keto diet. 90003 90002 Be wary, though, that taking too much exogenous BHB can also cause unwanted side effects.Typical side effects of large BHB doses include gastrointestinal distress, flatulence, and dry mouth. 90003 90002 90059 90060 90003 90016 Benefits of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate BHB Salts Supplementation 90017 90002 The main benefit of consuming exogenous BHB is that you will quickly transition into ketosis. This will help you avoid many of the side effects of starting a ketogenic diet. Moreover, BHB provides a lasting source of energy that will drive your physical and cognitive performance for hours.90003 90002 90067 90067 90003 90002 90071 If you’re curious what exactly the benefits of ketosis are, and how to set up a ketogenic diet, we highly recommend reading our guides: 90072 90003 90074 References: 90075 90076 90077 Cox, PJ, & Clarke , K. (2014 року). Acute nutritional ketosis: implications for exercise performance and metabolism. 90078 Extreme physiology & medicine 90079, 90078 3 90079 (1), 1. 90082 90077 Yeh, Y. Y., & Sheehan, P. M. (1985, April). Preferential utilization of ketone bodies in the brain and lung of newborn rats.90078 In Federation proceedings 90079 (Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 2352-2358). 90082 90077 Youm, Y. H., Nguyen, K. Y., Grant, R. W., Goldberg, E. L., Bodogai, M., Kim, D., … & Kang, S. (2015). The ketone metabolite [beta] -hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. 90078 Nature medicine, 21 (90079 3), 263-269. 90082 90091.90000 What Is an OB-GYN? 90001 90002 An OB-GYN, or obstetrician-gynecologist, is a doctor who specializes in women’s health. The female body experiences many different biological functions, including menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. OB-GYNs provide care for all of this and more. Here’s a look at what they do and when you should consider seeing one. 90003 90002 An obstetrician-gynecologist, or OB-GYN, has expertise in female reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth. Some OB-GYNs offer a wide range of general health services similar to your primary care doctor.Others focus on the medical care of the female reproductive system. 90003 90002 OB-GYNs also provide routine medical services and preventive screenings. This type of doctor has studied obstetrics and gynecology. 90003 90002 The term «OB-GYN» can refer to the doctor, an obstetrician-gynecologist, or to the sciences that the doctor specializes in, which are obstetrics and gynecology. 90003 90002 Obstetrics is the branch of medicine related to medical and surgical care before, during, and after a woman gives birth.Obstetrics focuses on caring for and maintaining a woman’s overall health during maternity. 90003 90002 This includes: 90003 90014 90015 pregnancy 90016 90015 labor 90016 90015 childbirth 90016 90015 the postpartum period 90016 90023 90002 OB-GYNs can conduct office visits, perform surgery, and assist with labor and delivery. Some OB-GYNs provide services through a solo or private practice. Others do so as part of a larger medical group or hospital. 90003 90002 Gynecology is the branch of medicine that focuses on women’s bodies and their reproductive health.It includes the diagnosis, treatment, and care of women’s reproductive system. 90003 90002 This includes the: 90003 90014 90015 vagina 90016 90015 uterus 90016 90015 ovaries 90016 90015 fallopian tubes 90016 90023 90002 This branch of medicine also includes screening for and treating issues associated with women’s breasts. 90003 90002 Gynecology is the overarching field of women’s health from puberty through adulthood. It represents most of the reproductive care you’ll receive during your lifetime.If you become pregnant, you’ll need to go to an obstetrician. 90003 90002 Approximately 90 percent of OB-GYNs are generalists. This means they work across a wide range of OB-GYN services. Some choose to specialize in one or more different subspecialties. These may include: 90003 90046 Maternal-fetal medicine 90047 90002 These specialists care for patients with high-risk pregnancies and related medical conditions. You might see a maternal-fetal medicine specialist if you have: 90003 90014 90015 chronic or gestational high blood pressure 90016 90015 gestational diabetes 90016 90015 blood-clotting disorders 90016 90015 premature labor 90016 90023 90046 Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 90047 90002 These endocrinologists address issues related to infertility and the glands and hormones of the endocrine system.If you wish to become pregnant but are having trouble conceiving, you can go to a reproductive endocrinologist. They perform assisted reproduction procedures, such as: 90003 90014 90015 in vitro fertilization 90016 90015 gamete intrafallopian transfer 90016 90015 zygote intrafallopian transfer 90016 90015 embryo transfer 90016 90023 90046 Gynecologic oncology 90047 90002 These oncologists specialize in diagnosing and treating cancers of the female reproductive system. This includes cancers of the: 90003 90046 Female pelvic medicine and reproductive surgery 90047 90002 These surgeons focus on treating women with urinary tract disorders.They also focus on disorders of the muscle and connective tissue located just beneath a woman’s pelvis. This area is called the pelvic floor. 90003 90002 The pelvic floor may become weak as a result of pregnancy, age, or certain medical conditions. These specialists address: 90003 90014 90015 urinary or fecal incontinence 90016 90015 vaginal or urinary tract infections 90016 90015 overactive bladder 90016 90015 bladder pain 90016 90015 pelvic organ prolapse 90016 90023 90002 A doctor must first complete their bachelor’s degree and four years of medical school training to become an OB-GYN.90003 90002 After medical school, you must complete four years of graduate-level education as a resident focusing on obstetrics and gynecology. During this period, doctors learn about reproductive issues and other health-related issues in women. In particular, they learn about: 90003 90014 90015 diagnosis 90016 90015 treatment 90016 90015 management 90016 90015 prevention 90016 90023 90002 Doctors complete their residency under the supervision of an attending doctor in a medical setting, such as in a hospital.90003 90002 You must complete an additional three years of training after you finish your residency to specialize in a certain area. 90003 90002 After all required training has been completed, you must pass a specialty board certification exam. The American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology oversees this exam. 90003 90002 OB-GYNs must take a maintenance exam every six years to uphold their certification. 90003 90002 OB-GYNs evaluate and treat a wide variety of conditions. What you see them for may depend on your age, health, and reproductive goals.90003 90002 You may see an OB-GYN about: 90003 90014 90015 abnormal bleeding 90016 90015 pelvic pain 90016 90015 genital itching 90016 90015 urinary incontinence 90016 90015 urinary tract or vaginal infections 90016 90015 endometriosis 90016 90015 breast disorders 90016 90015 hormonal disorders 90016 90015 infertility 90016 90023 90002 Your OB-GYN may be trained in major or minor surgery for both inpatient and outpatient procedures. Examples of these procedures include: 90003 90014 90015 dilation and curettage 90016 90015 biopsy 90016 90015 tubal ligation for female sterilization 90016 90015 laser surgery 90016 90015 hysterectomy, or the removal of the uterus 90016 90015 myomectomy, or the removal of fibroids 90016 90023 90002 An OB -GYN is also trained to manage your health during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.Procedures during this time can include: 90003 90014 90015 in vitro fertilization 90016 90015 vaginal delivery 90016 90015 cesarean delivery 90016 90015 amniocentesis to determine sex and detect any abnormalities 90016 90015 forceps and vacuum deliveries 90016 90023 90002 OB-GYNs also conduct regular preventive tests and screenings , such as 90003 90014 90015 pelvic exams 90016 90015 pap smears 90016 90015 clinical breast exams 90016 90015 mammographies 90016 90015 cancer screenings 90016 90023 90002 The best way to treat health and medical issues is with preventive care.Women who are healthy and are not experiencing any reproductive health issues should get a preventive checkup once per year. 90003 90002 During this visit, your doctor may conduct evaluations, immunizations, or lab tests for certain diseases. Your age group generally helps your doctor determine which tests to order. Your doctor will also perform a pelvic exam. Depending on your age and health, your doctor may request additional tests or screenings. 90003 90002 In addition to your annual checkup, you should visit your OB-GYN when changes in your reproductive cycle occur.These changes may be routine, planned, or expected. These changes include: 90003 90014 90015 your first menstrual cycle 90016 90015 pregnancy 90016 90015 perimenopause 90016 90015 menopause 90016 90023 90002 These changes could also be abnormal, unusual, or unexpected. This includes: 90003 90014 90015 changes in the volume or frequency of menstrual bleeding 90016 90015 unusual cramping 90016 90015 pain during urination 90016 90015 pain during intercourse 90016 90023 90002 When deciding whether to visit your OB-GYN, consider your age and reproductive goals.90003 90002 For example, if you’re sexually active, you may visit your OB-GYN for: 90003 90014 90015 birth control, contraception, or sterilization 90016 90015 safe sex tips 90016 90015 advice on preventing or treating sexually transmitted infections or HIV 90016 90015 vaccination against the human papilloma virus 90016 90015 treatment and prevention of pain during sex 90016 90015 abnormal vaginal discharge 90016 90015 urinary tract infections 90016 90023 90002 If you are or wish to get pregnant, you may visit your OB-GYN for: 90003 90014 90015 help planning for your pregnancy 90016 90015 prenatal care 90016 90015 infertility treatment 90016 90015 advice on diet 90016 90015 labor and birthing options 90016 90015 genetic testing and screenings 90016 90015 advice on breast-feeding 90016 90015 postpartum depression 90016 90023 90002 If you experience pain or difficulty before or during menstruation, you may visit an OB-GYN with questions about: 90003 90014 90015 ea sing cramps 90016 90015 irregular or abnormal bleeding 90016 90015 mood swings 90016 90015 advice about premenstrual syndrome 90016 90015 cysts and fibroids 90016 90015 pelvic support problems 90016 90023 90002 If you’re going through menopause or you’ve gone through menopause, you may visit your OB-GYN to address: 90003 90014 90015 a low libido 90016 90015 vaginal dryness 90016 90015 hot flashes 90016 90015 bone loss 90016 90015 incontinence 90016 90015 hormone replacement therapy 90016 90023 90002 Some women choose to visit their OB-GYN in lieu of a primary care physician.Not all OB-GYNs are comfortable serving in this capacity, though. You should talk to your doctor about whether they feel they’re the right person to serve your general health needs. 90003.