ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π» (ΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ), ΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ.
Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π΅, ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (Π½Π°Π±ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ. ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ , ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ?
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π£ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ?
ΠΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ.
Π ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ; ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ.
Π ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄Π°Π±Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ·Π°.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ Β«ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΒ» ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ (ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ). ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ 37-ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ 42-ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°, Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ.
Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 10 ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ , ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ»Π°. Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ³Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ½ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΌΠΈ β Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π°.
Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ β ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΠ°Ρ, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π·ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊ, Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅, Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ β ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°Ρ . ΠΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΌΡΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π΅Π΄Π΅. Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ½Π° Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ.
Π£Π΄ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ. Π’ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ. ΠΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅, Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π²Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅. β 40 β 60 Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
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ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠ΄Π·Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·, ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°.
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ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ?
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ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ, Π° ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠ΄Π·Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·, ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°.
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ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° — ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ?
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ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ, Π° Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅.
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ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ.
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Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, — ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠΊ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ³, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ.
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Π ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ; ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°, Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
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ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π°?
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Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°, Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌ.
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Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ.
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Π‘ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
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ΠΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ?
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Π§Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΊΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ.
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Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ Π½ΡΡΡ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ°.
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ΠΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ.
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ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ° https://maminclub.kz
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ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°: 0 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°: 0 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΠΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° (Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ) ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°β¦ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈβ¦.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595247/
ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠΊΠΈΠ½Π±ΠΈ Π₯.Π., ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ Π., ΠΠ°ΡΡ Π.Π., ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π., Π₯ΠΎΠ°Ρ Π‘.Π. (2004). ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π» ΠΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, 191(6), 2090-2096.
Akinbi, H. T., Narendran, V., Pass, A. K., Markart, P., & Hoath, S. B. (2004). Host defense proteins in vernix caseosa and amniotic fluid. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 191(6), 2090β2096.
ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ (ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 37 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ , ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 10 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ 25 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ.
β¦ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° 1-3 ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊ Π, ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π°, Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° (group B. Streptococcus, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, C. albicans, and E. coli).
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° (Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°) Π² ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Β» (Ρ. 2095). ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ (ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ) ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½. Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ΅.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ( group B. streptococcus and E. coli). ΠΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
Π’ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ 40 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅.
Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
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Π‘ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, Π° Π³Π΄Π΅-ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π²Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΆΡ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π° Π² ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ — ΠΎΠ½Π° Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ.ο»Ώ
Π£Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΒ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΒ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²Β ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΒ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΡΒ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°? ΠΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΒ β ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, ΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΒ Π½Π΅Β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΒ» ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π°Β ΡΡΠΎΒ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΒ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π·Π°Β ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°.
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ° ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΒ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ½Π°Β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅Β Π²Β ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π°Β Π²ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ. ΠΒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Β Π·Π°Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, Π½Π°Β Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π²Β ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Β ΡΠ΅Π΅, Π²Β ΠΏΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Β ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π½Π°Β Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅Β Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ³ΠΎ.
ΠΠ½ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°Β 28-32Β Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΒ 40Β Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ. ΠΒ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΡΒ Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΒ ΡΡΠΈΒ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ.
Π£Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΒ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅: Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΒ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²Β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
Π£Β Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Β ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΒ 6Β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π²!
ΠΡΠ΅Β Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅Β β ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΒ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΠΎΒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π°Β Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°.
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΒ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°Β ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 30-40% ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΒ ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΒ β Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π°Β ΡΠ³ΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Β β ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π°Β Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Β«ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈΒ». ΠΒ 50% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΠ½Π°Β Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Β 3-5Β ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΈΒ ΡΠΎ, Π½ΠΈΒ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΒ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΒ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΒ β Π½Π΅Β Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°, Π½ΠΈΒ Π²Β ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅Β Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π±Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΒ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌ
ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°Β ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°
Π£Β ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅Β Π½Π΅Β Π½Π°Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·, Π°Β ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ. ΠΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΒ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π·Π°ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Β Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°Β ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π°Β Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΅ΡΠ΅Β Π²ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΒ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΒ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π°Β ΡΠ°ΡΒ Π΄ΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΒ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π°Β Π²ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ.
Π‘ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Β ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ, Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΒ β Π½Π΅Β ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ 2-3Β ΡΠ°Π·Β Π²Β Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΡ Π»ΡΠΌ, Π½Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Β Π½Π΅ΠΉΒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΒ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ·Β ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ Π΅ΠΌΡΒ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΅Ρ ΠΈΒ Π½Π°Β Π½Π΅ΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°, Π°Β Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ·Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΒ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ»ΠΊΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Β Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΒ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Β ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄Β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΒ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΒ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ½Π°Β ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΒ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΒ ΡΠ΅Ρ Β ΠΏΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ½Β Π½Π΅Β ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π» Π²ΡΠ΅Β Β«ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΡΠΈΒ» ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΒ Π»ΡΠΆΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Β Π²Β ΡΠ΅Β Π΄Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½Β Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΒ Β«Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Β» Π½Π°Β Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΡΒ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ»ΡΒ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π²Β ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΒ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΒ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Β ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ (SLS), ΡΠΎΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ Π΄Π»ΡΒ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅Β Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΒ ΠΏΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΒ Π½Π΅Β ΠΏΡΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ Π°Π±Π±ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° SLES (Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ). ΠΡΠΎΒ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΡΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΎΒ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ.
Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π’ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌΒ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΒ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²ΡΒ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ, Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΒ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΠΌΡΒ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Β Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ? Π₯ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎ? Π‘Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²?
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ) ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΡ.Β
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΅: ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ². ΠΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π° ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ β ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊ.ΠΌ.Π½., Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ‘Π Π½Π° ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Β ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎ (ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²).
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ).
Β«ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ. Π£ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°Β», β ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° β ΠΊΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎ-ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ (ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.
ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
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ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΡΠ½Ρ 23, 2010 β admin
Β
ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° (Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ) ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°β¦ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈβ¦.
ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ (ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°) ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ 37 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ , ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 10 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ 25 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ( ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΎΡ (Western analysis) ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· (immunochemistry) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° 1-3 ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊ Π, ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π°, Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Β (group B. Streptococcus, K. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, C. albicans, and E. coli).
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° (Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°) Π² ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ.Β Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Β Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Β«Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Β» (Ρ. 2095). ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Π ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ (ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ) ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½. Π Π΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ΅.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ.Β Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΒ ( group B. streptococcus and E. coli). ΠΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ 40 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅.
Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ: Pubmed central.
ΠΠΊΠΈΠ½Π±ΠΈ Π₯.Π., ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½ Π., ΠΠ°ΡΡ Π.Π., ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π., Π₯ΠΎΠ°Ρ Π‘.Π. (2004). ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π» ΠΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, 191(6), 2090-2096.
Akinbi, H. T., Narendran, V., Pass, A. K., Markart, P., & Hoath, S. B. (2004). Host defense proteins in vernix caseosa and amniotic fluid. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 191(6), 2090β2096.
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅:
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ β Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄
Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Β» ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½
ΠΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2
90000 Low birth weight in babies 90001 90002 What does low birth weight mean? 90003 You’ll hear this term if your baby weighs less than 2.5kg (5.5lb) when she’s born. About seven in 100 babies born in the UK have a low birth weight (HSC PHA 2017, ISD Scotland 2017, NHS Digital 2017, Welsh Government 2017). 90004 If your baby weighs less than 1.5kg, midwives, doctors and nurses may describe her as having a very, or extremely, low birth weight (Hicks 2016). This can happen to babies who are born prematurely.90005 90004 If your baby was premature, her situation is different from babies who are small but are born between 37 weeks and 42 weeks (full-term). 90005 90004 You can read more in our premature baby section. 90005 90010 What causes low birth weight? 90003 There are many reasons why a baby may have a low birth weight. Each woman’s experience of pregnancy is different, and we each inherit a unique set of genes, so a low birth weight measurement can not always give the full picture. Definitions of low birth weight are based on average UK figures for all babies ‘weights at birth (NHS Digital 2017).90004 Low birth weight is more common in babies born in the UK to parents of Asian, black or mixed heritage, than babies who are born to white European parents (Kelly et al 2009 NHS Digital 2017). 90005 90004 If your baby was born small at full term it may simply be because it runs in your family (RCOG 2013). Parents who are shorter and weigh less than the European average, or who were themselves small at birth, may have smaller children. 90005 90004 If you’re expecting twins, they’re likely to be small (NHS Digital 2017, Ohlsson and Shah 2008).This could be because twins tend to grow more slowly than single babies (Muhlausler et al 2011). 90005 90004 Your baby may have a low birth weight because of a complication that happened during your pregnancy, especially if it affected the placenta (Ohlsson and Shah 2008). If less oxygen and fewer nutrients reached your baby because the placenta was not working well, it may have restricted your baby’s growth (NHS Digital 2017, Ohlsson and Shah 2008). 90005 90004 Sometimes, a mum’s mental health can affect how well an unborn baby grows.There is an association with depression during pregnancy and low birth weight (Barkmann et al 2017). 90005 90004 Do tell your midwife if you were affected by anxiety and depression during your pregnancy. She’ll liaise with your GP and health visitor to make sure you get the support you need. Experiencing depression during pregnancy may make postnatal depression more likely, so it’s important to have support in place now you’re a mum (NHS 2016a). 90005 90004 Despite all these different causes, it may not be possible to work out why your baby has a low birth weight (Mandy 2017).Sometimes, it just happens. 90005 90004 Read more about slow growth and low birth weight during pregnancy. 90005 90028 How could having a low birth weight affect my baby? 90003 It’s different for every baby. Your baby is likely to thrive after birth if her growth was only affected later in your pregnancy. Your baby may be a normal size but may just be a little thinner than expected, and with slightly looser skin. Her head may be big in proportion to her body. That’s because she needs to build up muscle and fat on her body (Mandy 2017, Stavis 2017).Babies are born programmed to put on weight, so your baby should catch up quickly once she starts feeding (Mandy 2017, Stavis 2017). Breastfeeding is best (Quigley and McGuire 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ). Your first milk is a concentrated, protein-packed substance called colostrum that boosts your baby’s immune system and satisfies her appetite (Gidrewicz and Fenton 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ). 90004 At first, your baby may need medical help to get her on the right track. The following can affect term babies born with a low birth weight: 90005 90032 90033 Breathing problems because your baby has breathed in some of her poo during labour.This is called meconium aspiration. If your baby is overdue, or becomes distressed during labour, her first poo, a black, dense substance called meconium, may get into her waters. If your baby then takes big, deep breaths because she’s short of oxygen, the meconium can get into her lungs. 90034 90033 Low blood glucose (hypoglycaemia) because she may not have received enough sugar while in your womb. This means she has not had a chance to build up her sugar stores. 90034 90033 Too many red blood cells (polycythaemia).If your baby was not getting enough oxygen while in the womb, her body will compensate by making more red blood cells. Your baby may look red, have a fast heart rate and be a bit sluggish. 90034 90033 Difficulty keeping warm because she has not laid down a layer of fat, making it hard for her to regulate her body temperature. 90040 (Stavis 2017) 90034 90042 90040 If your baby’s weight has been lower than expected throughout your pregnancy, she may need more help, for longer, to help her stay well.That’s because your baby will have grown more slowly overall during the months of your pregnancy, rather than just not filling out in the last few weeks (Mandy 2017, Stavis 2017). 90004 In this case, your baby’s slow growth rate may have been caused by an infection or illness that affected the placenta, or by an inherited condition (Mandy 2017, Stavis 2017). 90005 If your baby was born early, she may need to go to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for treatment and monitoring (Mandy 2017).If she’s full term, she can be cared for in the special care baby unit, or with you on the postnatal ward. 90004 It’ll help the medical team caring for your baby to give her the best treatment if they understand what’s caused her to have a low birth weight (Mandy 2017). They may: 90005 90032 90033 Examine the placenta for signs of infection and to look for vessels that have been damaged by blockages or tears. 90034 90033 Look at your maternity notes and talk to you about your health and how your pregnancy went.Your medical team may ask to do blood and urine tests to see if there are signs of a viral or bacterial infection, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). 90034 90033 Ask about your family history, to see if there are any inherited conditions that may have affected your baby’s growth. 90040 (Mandy 2017) 90034 90042 90057 Will having a low birth weight affect my baby when she’s older 90003 It’s not possible to say with any certainty that low birth weight affects a child’s later performance at school, or their future health, or behaviour (Baschatt 2014 , Mandy 2017).90004 Much depends on individual circumstances, including how low your baby’s birth weight was, what caused it and when it happened during pregnancy, as well as whether your baby was premature (Baschat 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ, Mandy 2017, Miller et al 2016, Stavis 2017). 90005 90004 It’s also hard for researchers to measure children’s development over a long period, as so many different factors play a part, from having a healthy diet to being nurtured in a loving family (Mandy 2017). 90005 90004 Depending on all these factors, your baby may take longer to reach some developmental milestones involving physical coordination and strength, and thinking skills (Miller et al 2016).Feeding your baby breastmilk gives your baby the best chance of catching up with her milestones (Mandy 2017, Elliot 2017). 90005 90004 It’s best if your baby puts on weight steadily after she’s born, rather than quickly. Breastmilk helps her to put on weight at a healthy rate (Elliot 2017). 90005 90004 Formula can help babies put on weight fast. However, there’s a chance that fast weight gain may be unhealthier in the long run, causing problems later in life, such as diabetes (Elliot 2017, Mandy 2017).There’s no need to give your baby a high-calorie formula, unless your doctor advises you to (Elliot 2017, Hanson and Gluckman 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ). 90005 90004 There is plenty more that you can do to help your child to stay healthy as she grows up. 90005 90004 Make sure your baby has all her growth and development checks (Mandy 2017). 90005 90004 As she gets older, keep an eye on your child’s weight gain (Martin et al 2017, Visentin et al 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ). It’s natural to want to your child to gain weight if she started life as a small baby.But steady weight gain, that fits with the healthy range in her personal child health record (PCHR), or red book, is best. 90005 90004 A healthy, well-balanced diet can help your baby to grow steadily. 90005 90004 What healthcare will we get from the NHS after birth? 90005 Health visitor Penny Lazell explains who’ll be giving you professional support after the birth.More baby expert videos 90079 Will my next baby have a low birth weight too 90003 There’s a chance your next baby may have a low birth weight.It does run in families (RCOG 2013). 90004 The midwives caring for you in your next pregnancy should offer you extra care and monitoring. Depending on the cause of your previous baby’s low birth weight and your general health, your obstetrician may recommend you take daily aspirin (RCOG 2013). She will help you weigh up the pros and cons of taking medication while you’re expecting a baby. 90005 90004 You may also be offered extra growth scans in later pregnancy, which will include a Doppler scan to check the blood flow from the placenta to your baby (RCOG 2013).90005 90085 Where can I get more help for my baby and me? 90003 Talk to your midwife, health visitor or doctor about any problems or worries you have about your baby. 90004 The charity, Bliss, supports parents whose babies are born with a low birth weight. You can call its confidential helpline on 0808 801 0322. 90005 90004 For breastfeeding support: 90005 90040 Read about when your baby may have growth spurts. 90004 Last reviewed: August 2018 90005 90094 References 90003 90040 Barkmann C, Helle N, Bindt C.2017. Is very low infant birth weight a predictor for a five-year course of depression in parents? A latent growth curve model. 90097 J Affect Disord 90098 229: 415-420 90004 Baschat AA. 2014. Neurodevelopment after fetal growth restriction. 90097 Fetal Diagn Ther 90098 36 (2): 136-42. www.karger.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Dong Y, Chen S-J, Yu J-L. 2012. A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term development of early term infants. 90097 Neonatal 90098 102: 212-221. www.karger.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Elliot WJ. 2017. 90097 Possible role of low birth weight in the pathogenesis of primary (essential) hypertension. 90098 UpToDate 90005 90004 Gidrewicz DA, Fenton TR. 2014. A systematic review and analysis of the nutrient content of preterm and term breast milk. 90097 BMC Pediatr 90098 14: 216. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Accessed April 2018] 90005 90004 Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. 2014. Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology.90097 Physiol Review 90098 94: 1027-76. www.physiology.org [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Harding M. 2017. 90097 Morning sickness in pregnancy. 90098 patient.info [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Hicks R. 2016. 90097 Low birth weight. 90098 www.webmd.boots.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 HSC PHA. 2017. 90097 Children’s health in Northern Ireland. 90098 www.publichealth.hscni.net [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 ISD Scotland. 2017. 90097 Births in Scottish hospitals 2016/17: birthweight and gestation.90098 www.isdscotland.org [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Kelly Y, Panico L, Bartley M et al. 2009. Why does birthweight vary among ethnic groups in the UK? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. 90097 J Public Health (Oxf) 90098 31 (1): 131-7. academic.oup.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Mandy. 2017. 90097 Infants with fetal (intrauterine) growth restriction. 90098 UpToDate 90005 90004 Martin A, Connelly A, Bland RM, et al. 2017. Health impact of catch-up growth in low-birth weight infants: systematic review, evidence appraisal, and meta-analysis.90097 Matern Child Nutr 90098 13 (1) 90005 90004 Miller SL, Huppi PS, Mallard C. 2016. The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome. 90097 J Physiol 90098 594 (4): 807-23. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Muhlausler et al 2011. Are twins growth restricted? 90097 Pediatric Research 90098 70: 117-122. www.nature.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 NCCWCH. 2010. 90097 Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.90098 Revised reprint January 2011. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health, NICE clinical guideline. www.nice.org.uk [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 NHS. 2016a. 90097 Postnatal depression 90098. NHS Choices, Health A-Z. www.nhs.uk 90005 90004 NHS. 2016b. 90097 Aspirin. 90098 NHS Choices, Health A-Z. www.nhs.uk [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 NHS Digital. 2017. 90097 NHS Maternity Statistics, 2016-17. 90098 digital.nhs.uk [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Ohlsson, Shah.2008. 90097 Determinants and prevention of low birth weight: a synopsis of the evidence. 90098 Institute of Health Economics report. www.ihe.ca [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 RCOG. 2013. 90097 The investigation and management of the small-for-gestational-age fetus. 90098 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Green-top guideline, 31. www.rcog.org.uk [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Stavis RL. 2017. 90097 Small for gestational age (SGA) infant. 90098 MSD Manual: professional version.http://www.msdmanuals.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Tommy’s. 2014. 90097 Breathing support for premature babies. 90098 www.tommys.org [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Tommy’s. 2016. 90097 Gestational age and medical needs. 90098 www.tommys.org [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Visentin S, Grumolato F, Nardelli GB, et al. 2014. Early origins of adult disease: low birth weight and vascular remodeling. 90097 Atheroschlerosis 90098 237 (2): 391-9. www.atherosclerosis-journal.com [Accessed August 2018] 90005 90004 Welsh Government.2017. 90097 Maternity statistics Wales, 2015-16 (experimental statistics). 90098 gov.wales [Accessed August 2018] 90040 90005 .90000 Why Are Human Babies So Helpless? 90001 90002 Some animals come into this world more self-sufficient than others. 90003 90002 Many can fend for themselves without any parental supervision almost immediately — picture baby sea turtles hatching on the sand and then somehow finding their way to the ocean. 90003 90002 Other animals, like newborn giraffe calves, are able to clamber upright and walk around on their own within hours of birth. [In Photos: How Babies Learn] 90003 90002 Human babies, however, are a different story.90003 90002 For the first two months of life, they can not lift their heads without help. They usually roll over for the first time at about 4 months, and sit up at around 6 months. They usually start standing at about 9 months, and take their first tentative steps at around 1 year old, according to infant developmental milestones compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 90003 90002 But even then, babies are just getting started. Fine-tuning the most basic survival skills, such as walking and feeding themselves, takes at least another year or more, and the little ones generally remain dependent on parents or caregivers for well over a decade before they’re even able to begin to navigate parts of the world on their own.90003 90002 And that’s OK, experts say. The extra time that humans need to acquire these abilities is part of the evolutionary trade-off for having highly developed brains capable of managing complex reasoning, communication and social interaction, alongside the physical requirements and capabilities of our adult bodies. 90003 90016 Leaving the nest 90017 90002 When animals produce self-sufficient young, it’s for a number of reasons related to both biology and behavior, according to John Dumbacher, a curator of ornithology and mammalogy at the California Academy of Sciences.[90019 The 10 Wildest Pregnancies in the Animal Kingdom 90020] 90003 90002 Some animals need their young to be mobile as quickly as possible — in water or on land — because adults are constantly on the move and the young need to keep up (or keep away from predators). Other species that do not roam as widely hunker down with helpless young in their nests or burrows. 90003 90002 And there can be a lot of variation among animals from the same group. 90003 90002 Take birds, for example. «Songbirds — robins, bluebirds — those tend to be born more or less naked, with their eyes closed, and they can not do much more than lifting up their heads and getting a meal from their parents,» Dumbacher told Live Science.90003 90002 Newly hatched chickens, on the other hand, are much more capable of taking care of themselves. «They have downy feathers; they can walk around; they can peck at the ground,» Dumbacher said. And ducks, he added, can hop into the water shortly after hatching and swim after their mother. 90003 90002 The variety and the hatchling’s ability can be partly explained by the size of the adult bird, Dumbacher said, which translates into the maximum size of the egg it can lay. Bigger-bodied ducks, chickens and geese can lay larger eggs that hold more nutrients, so an embryo can spend more time developing inside.Songbird eggs are already as large as they can be relative to the parents ‘body size, so their young are born in a less-developed state and require more time under the parents’ wings, Dumbacher added. [That’s Incredible! 9 Brainy Baby Abilities] 90003 90016 Biology and behavior 90017 90002 There is similar variability in mammals, Dumbacher said. Although all mammal newborns are dependent on their mothers for nutrition, some are more physically capable as newborns than others. 90003 90002 Foals can stand up and walk independently soon after birth because adult female horses are big enough, and can gestate long enough, for their young to develop substantially before birth, making them more physically capable even as newborns, Dumbacher explained.90003 90002 However, shrews — like songbirds — are born nearly naked and with closed eyes, and must be kept warm by a nest and their mother’s body heat. 90003 90002 «With its high metabolic rate and a small body size, it’s hard for something like a shrew to carry a baby for a long period of time,» Dumbacher said. 90003 90002 Physical and metabolic limitations also apply to human gestation and birth, according to a study published in 2012. [Why Pregnancy Really Lasts 9 Months] 90003 90002 It was already known that the brains — and skulls — of developing babies can not grow bigger than they do in the womb (on average) because they would not fit through the mother’s pelvis.The study found that a nine-month gestation period (again, on average) is likely the longest that a woman could safely sustain the accelerated metabolic rate required during pregnancy. 90003 90002 But self-sufficiency of mammal newborns is dependent on more than a species ‘size and metabolic rate, Dumbacher added. «It’s also determined by the ecology of the species, and how much of their behavior can be coded in instinct versus how much has to be learned from their parents,» he said. 90003 90002 In other words, the more information about behavior that a juvenile has to absorb from adults of its own kind, the more important the role of long-term parental care is in integrating a young newcomer into the patterns and practices of the group.90003 90002 That starts to explain the long road that a human baby must travel from helpless newborn, to child, to adult, considering how much they need to learn from their parents about communication and social behavior. 90003 90016 Slow and steady 90017 90002 The lengthy development process that humans experience is «a luxury,» said Marianella Casasola, an associate professor in the Department of Human Development at Cornell University. And it extends even later in life than experts once thought.90003 90002 «There’s a lot of development that goes on in the prefrontal cortex [of the brain] even into early adulthood,» Casasola told Live Science. 90003 90002 Though it may seem like humans ‘early physical capabilities lag behind those of other animals as newborns, in the long run, humans’ lengthy period of relative helplessness eventually delivers a substantial cognitive payoff. 90003 90002 «We know that things evolve in a certain way because there’s an advantage to it,» Casasola told Live Science.»The longer maturation rate allows us to develop much more complex thinking.» 90003 90002 90063 Follow Mindy Weisberger on 90064 90063 Twitter 90064 90063 and 90064 90063 Google+ 90064 90063. 90064 90073 Follow Live Science’s Life’s Little Mysteries 90074 90073 @LLMysteries 90074 90073, 90074 90073 Facebook 90074 90073 & 90074 90073 Google+ 90074 90073. 90074 90003 .90000 Why are today’s babies being born so BIG? 90001 90002 Why are today’s babies being born so BIG? 90003 90004 90005 By Rachel Porter for MailOnline 90003 Updated: 90007 10:18 BST, 4 August 2011 90008 90009 90005 As soon as a baby is born, there are three crucial pieces of information that family and friends demand to know — the sex, name … and weight. 90009 90005 Which is why, when baby Hayden Church arrived six weeks ago, his delivery drew gasps — not to mention a few winces — from everyone with whom his mum Carly, 31, shared the crucial information.90009 90005 The reason? Hayden weighed a whopping 12lb 7oz. Indeed, he was so enormous that after more than 48 frustrating hours of labour, doctors had to perform an emergency Caesarean section to ensure his safe arrival. 90003 90009 90017 90017 90005 What a whopper! When baby Hayden was finally born by Caesarean after a 48-hour labour Carly Church was stunned to find he weighed 12lb 7oz 90009 90005 ‘I’d been pushing and pushing, but he was not budging,’ says Carly from Ditton in Kent, where she lives with her police officer husband Alex, 28, who she met when she, too, was in the police force.90009 90005 ‘When they finally pulled him out I heard someone say: «Oh, wow!» From behind the surgical screen, I could not see what was going on. 90003 90009 90005 ‘Then someone added: «Congratulations. You’ve got a huge baby boy! » My baby was the size of a three-month-old. ‘90009 90005 While newborns of Hayden’s proportions are undoubtedly uncommon, statistics show more women than ever in the UK are giving birth to babies weighing 10lb or more. 90009 90005 In the post-war years there has been a steady upward trend in birth weight, explained in the main by improvements in our diet.90009 90032 90032 90005 Oh baby! JaMichael Brown weighed a whopping 16lb 1oz at birth 90009 90005 Larger, healthier, more muscular babies were born as a result, pushing the current average birth weight to 7lb 8oz for boys and 7lb 4oz for girls — up 2oz and 1Β½oz respectively since 1970. 90009 90005 And this rise in birth weight shows no sign of stopping. Between ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π²’ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π²’ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ and 2003 the number of babies born tipping the scales at above 9lb 15oz increased by 20 per cent and experts expect statistics from the next decade — 2003 to 2013 — to have rocketed yet again.90009 90005 While there is no set figure for how much a newborn should weigh, The Royal College of Midwives use 8lb 13oz as its guideline for the tipping point between a healthy weight and a potentially problematic one. 90009 90005 Alarmingly, the rate of macrosomia (the medical term for babies born over this tipping point) has soared in recent years. 90009 90005 So why is this happening? 90009 90005 The simplest answer is that babies are getting bigger because their mums are, too. The latest figures show that almost half of women of child-bearing age in Britain are overweight or obese.90009 90048 90048 90005 Big delivery: JaMichael, pictured with his parents Janet Johnson and Michael Brown, was the weight of an average six month old when he was born 90009 90005 Obesity during pregnancy can be dangerous for mother and child — it increases the risk of many complications, including stillbirth. 90009 90005 Doctors report that bigger babies are at a high risk of shoulder dystocia — where the shoulder gets stuck during the delivery. It is a potentially life-threatening condition, which can compress the umbilical cord or put pressure on the baby’s neck, leaving it dangerously starved of oxygen.In extreme cases, it is necessary for the obstetrician to break the baby’s collarbone, in order to deliver it alive, which runs a high risk of nerve damage. 90009 90005 To combat such problems, earlier this year, the NHS announced a trial to put obese mothers-to-be on diabetes medication to reduce the amount of insulin in their bloodstream — thus controlling the baby’s weight gain. (Obese women make more insulin than other mothers-to-be, which leads to more fat, sugars and other foods being supplied to the baby.) 90009 90005 ‘While most people think the bigger the baby, the healthier it is, there is mounting evidence to suggest the opposite: in fact, babies carrying too much weight at birth will live with the consequences for the rest of their lives,’ says Dr Daghni Rajasingam, a consultant obstetrician and spokeswoman for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. ‘They are more prone to diabetes and heart disease and are affected at a younger age.’ 90009 90005 Some studies suggest there may also be a link between excessive birth weight and asthma, allergies and even certain cancers.90009 90005 ‘While most people think the bigger the baby, the healthier it is, there is mounting evidence to suggest the opposite’ 90009 90005 ‘Research on rats found that rats born to overweight mothers may grow up to be more prone to overeating,’ says Dr Rajasingam. 90003 90009 90005 ‘So the mother’s weight may have a neurological, as well as physiological, impact on her child.’ 90009 90005 Rising obesity rates mean that more women than ever are at risk of developing gestational diabetes — a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and which can be another factor in the rise of super-sized babies.Diabetes UK says that 3 to 5 per cent of pregnancies are affected by the condition, but researchers in the U.S. believe the true number could be closer to 16 per cent. 90009 90005 Although the condition tends to disappear after the birth, those mothers who suffer gestational diabetes are more likely to develop diabetes later in life — and their children are, too. 90009 90005 Gestational diabetes is thought to be the cause of baby JaMichael Brown’s extraordinary 16lb 1oz birth weight, which made news around the world last month.90009 90005 Nicknamed The Moose by doctors at Longview Hospital in Texas, JaMichael weighed as much as an average six-month-old when he was born by Caesarean section. He became the new poster-child for mega-babies — but is nowhere near the biggest. The record for the heaviest surviving newborn has stood since 1955, when a baby boy was born in Italy weighing 22lb 8oz. 90009 90077 90077 90005 Eat healthily: Doctor warn that being obese when pregnant is bad for mother and baby (posed by model) 90009 90005 Back then, gestational diabetes was less common, but clinicians were also less able to control it, says Denise Linay, a midwife with 30 years ‘experience and spokeswoman for the Royal College of Midwives.90009 90005 ‘We are far more able to manage the condition now. So although obesity puts mothers more at risk of developing the condition, diabetic women are less likely to have big babies today than they were decades ago, ‘she says. 90009 90005 But while medicine has advanced to control gestational diabetes, doctors still find it hard to gauge if mothers are carrying a mega-baby — as Stephanie Railton knows. 90009 90005 The 43-year-old’s fourth son, Charlie, was her heaviest baby at a whopping 13lb 4oz at birth and now, at three years old, he is already wearing clothes designed for boys five years older.90009 90005 Stephanie, a teacher from West Yorkshire, who is 5ft 11in and wears a size 18, expected Charlie to be big — she weighed 9lb 5oz at birth and her three older children, Amber, Beth and Sam, from a previous relationship, weighed 10lb 10oz, 10lb 11oz and 11lb 9oz. 90009 90005 But as Charlie’s stock control manager dad Richard, 42, is just 5ft 6in — and not as tall as the father of Stephanie’s other children — she had hoped her newborn would be smaller. However, days before the birth her bump measured an incredible 60 inches across.90009 90005 ‘The scans gave some indication of size, but at no point did anyone say: «Oh, he’s going to be enormous.» But as the weeks went on, I started to get a bit panicked. I was an older mum and worried how I’d cope with a difficult delivery. ‘90009 90005 Denise Linay concedes the technology to estimate a baby’s weight prior to birth does not exist. 90009 90005 ‘You can take measurements, do scans and make an estimate — but it’s not always accurate,’ she says. 90009 90005 Indeed the estimates are often so out they are laughable — which has serious implications when it comes to delivering super-size babies.90009 90005 Just as Stephanie feared, the labour was extremely hard and she suffered a serious tear and required surgery as a result. 90009 90005 ‘They say your babies get bigger each time,’ she says. ‘With my track record, my next child could weigh over a stone! That’s an experience I can live without. ‘90009 90005 Which explains why she is in no doubt about one thing: never again. 90009 90005 90009.90000 Over a third of babies born in the UK are no longer white British 90001 90002 Over a third of babies born in the UK are no longer white British: More than 10% come from other Caucasian backgrounds mirroring increased migration from Europe 90003 90004 90005 90006 Fewer than two in three babies born in 2014 were classified as white British 90007 90008 90005 90006 Ethnic breakdown of births showed that 65.3% were born to mothers who put the ethnicity of their child as white British 90007 90008 90005 90006 Proportion is much lower than the white British population as a whole 90007 90008 90005 90006 Figures came same week Theresa May told the Conservative Conference when immigration is too high ‘it is impossible to build a cohesive society’ 90007 90008 90021 90022 By Steve Doughty Social Affairs Correspondent For The Daily Mail 90023 90022 Published: 90025 23:02 BST, 8 October 2015 90026 | Updated: 90027 5:16 BST, 9 October 2015 90026 90023 90030 90030 90022 The breakdown of births showed that 65.3 per cent were born to mothers who put the ethnicity of their child as white British. The proportion is lower than the white British population as a whole (file image) 90023 90022 Fewer than two in three babies born last year were officially classified as white British, figures showed yesterday. 90023 90022 The first ethnic breakdown of births showed that 65.3 per cent were born to mothers who put the ethnicity of their child as white British. 90023 90022 The proportion is much lower than the white British population as a whole, which was recorded as just over 80 per cent at the 2011 national census.90023 90022 The decline in births among the majority background is a fresh indicator of the impact of large-scale immigration over the past 15 years. 90023 90022 The figures came in a week in which Home Secretary Theresa May told the Conservative Party Conference that when immigration is too high ‘it is impossible to build a cohesive society’. 90023 90022 Among the third of babies said to be members of ethnic minorities, 10.3 per cent were recorded as ‘white other’. The relatively high proportion appears to mirror increased immigration from Europe.90023 90022 The group includes children born to mothers from Poland and other Eastern European countries as well as Ireland, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, the US, Canada and South Africa. 90023 90022 The analysis was published by the Office for National Statistics and recorded that 4.3 per cent of babies were Pakistani, 3.3 per cent Indian and 1.5 per cent Bangladeshi. A further 3.5 per cent were registered as black African, while the smallest ethnic category was black Caribbean, at 0.9 per cent. 90023 90022 The remaining 11 per cent of babies — recorded as ‘all others’ — included those whose mothers said they were from Far East countries including China, or from the Middle East. 90023 90022 The figures were published for the first time in an ONS bulletin on births in England and Wales last year, which mainly deals with stillbirths, multiple births and the number of babies born underweight, Although they have been available in the past, they have never been published in an easily digestible form.90023 90022 The ethnicity of a baby is not recorded on the birth register. However, midwives are required to record it during the birth notification — an NHS process that provides the baby with an NHS number and begins the child’s medical records. Midwives set down ethnic identity as given to them by the mother. 90023 90056 90056 90022 The figures came in a week in which Home Secretary Theresa May told the Conservative Party Conference that when immigration is too high ‘it is impossible to build a cohesive society’ 90023 90022 The 34 per cent of babies said to be from ethnic minorities is a much higher figure than that commonly given.90023 90022 The usual figure is the count of babies born to mothers who were themselves born abroad, and who are regarded by the ONS as immigrants. 90023 90022 In 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ, some 27 per cent of babies in Britain had foreign-born mothers, up from 26.5 per cent the year before. 90023 90022 The high number of ‘white other’ babies recorded is likely to reflect high birthrates among Eastern European immigrants. An ONS report last year said fertility rates among women from this group were double those in their home countries and higher than those of British-born women.90023 90022 The figures come at a time of deepening sensitivity over the economic and political impact of immigration. 90023 90022 Mrs May said in her conference speech: ‘When immigration is too high, when the pace of change is too fast, it’s impossible to build a cohesive society. It’s difficult for schools and hospitals to cope. 90023 90022 ‘And for people in low-paid jobs, wages are forced down even further, while some people are forced out of work altogether.’ 90023 90074 Share or comment on this article: 90075 .